Modeling polarization for Hyper-NA lithography tools and masks
Kafai Lai, Alan E. Rosenbluth, et al.
SPIE Advanced Lithography 2007
Precision scaling has emerged as a popular technique to optimize the compute and storage requirements of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Efforts toward creating ultra-low-precision (sub-8-bit) DNNs for efficient inference suggest that the minimum precision required to achieve a given network-level accuracy varies considerably across networks, and even across layers within a network. This translates to a need to support variable precision computation in DNN hardware. Previous proposals for precision-reconfigurable hardware, such as bit-serial architectures, incur high overheads, significantly diminishing the benefits of lower precision. We propose Ax-BxP, a method for approximate blocked computation wherein each multiply-accumulate operation is performed block-wise (a block is a group of bits), facilitating re-configurability at the granularity of blocks. Further, approximations are introduced by only performing a subset of the required block-wise computations to realize precision re-configurability with high efficiency. We design a DNN accelerator that embodies approximate blocked computation and propose a method to determine a suitable approximation configuration for any given DNN. For the AlexNet, ResNet50, and MobileNetV2 DNNs, Ax-BxP achieves improvement in system energy and performance, respectively, over an 8-bit fixed-point (FxP8) baseline, with minimal loss (<1% on average) in classification accuracy. Further, by varying the approximation configurations at a finer granularity across layers and data-structures within a DNN, we achieve improvement in system energy and performance, respectively.
Kafai Lai, Alan E. Rosenbluth, et al.
SPIE Advanced Lithography 2007
Raymond Wu, Jie Lu
ITA Conference 2007
Heinz Koeppl, Marc Hafner, et al.
BMC Bioinformatics
Elena Cabrio, Philipp Cimiano, et al.
CLEF 2013