Energy-aware accounting and billing in large-scale computing facilities

Proposals have focused on reducing energy requirements for large-scale computing facilities (LSCFs), but little research has addressed the need for energy-usage-based accounting. Energy-aware accounting and billing benefits LSCF owners and users. This article makes a case for accurate cost accounting and billing, which accounts for user-specific energy usage, and identifies the hardware- and software-level changes necessary to support energy-aware accounting. © 2011 IEEE.