Guava: A dialect of Java Without data races

We introduce Guava, a dialect of Java whose rules statically guarantee that parallel threads access shared data only through synchronized methods. Our dialect distinguishes three categories of classes: (1) monitors, which may be referenced from multiple threads, but whose methods are accessed serially; (2) values, which cannot be referenced and therefore are never shared; and (3) objects, which can have multiple references but only from within one thread, and therefore do not need to be synchronized. Guava circumvents the problems associated with today's Java memory model, which must define behavior when concurrent threads access shared memory without synchronization. We present an overview of the syntax and the semantic rules of Guava. We discuss how implementations of Guava can exploit these rules to re-enable compiler optimizations inhibited by standard Java. We discuss how compilers for certain multiprocessor architectures can automatically generate certain programming idioms, such as double-check reads, as optimizations of serialized monitors. © 2000 ACM.