M. Hargrove, S.W. Crowder, et al.
IEDM 1998
The often observed decrease in relative permittivity (ε') and refractive index (n) that accompanies fluorine substitution is the result of several effects. Fluorine replacement for hydrogen is known to decrease local electronic polarization and is thought to frequently increase fractional free volume. Both of these effects can independently decrease ε' and n, and this paper attempts to assign the observed decreases between these mechanigms for a series of hydrogen/fluorine polyimide analogs.
M. Hargrove, S.W. Crowder, et al.
IEDM 1998
Julian J. Hsieh
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces and Films
I.K. Pour, D.J. Krajnovich, et al.
SPIE Optical Materials for High Average Power Lasers 1992
Corneliu Constantinescu
SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications 2009