Armin W. Knoll, David Pires, et al.
Advanced Materials
An atomic force microscope (AFM) is tailored to perform ultrafast electrophoretic differentiation of molecules on populations of <0.1 zeptomoles (10-22 moles) on the surface of a probe tip. The driving force for differentiation is a large electric field applied over the length of an AFM tip that results in enhanced differential mobilities stemming from the confinement of the water layer on the tip surface. In a demonstration on DNA oligonucleotides, a 5-mer and a 16-mer exhibit migration times of 15 and 5 ms, respectively, approximately five orders of magnitude faster than in conventional capillary electrophoresis. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.
Armin W. Knoll, David Pires, et al.
Advanced Materials
Kerem Unal, H. Kumar Wickramasinghe
Applied Physics Letters
Derek Nowak, William Morrison, et al.
Science Advances
Tsai-Wei Wu, Jane Frommer
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials