High reliability 32 nm Cu/ULK BEOL based on PVD CuMn seed, and its extendibilityTakeshi NogamiTibor Bolomet al.2010IEDM 2010
64 nm pitch Cu dual-damascene interconnects using pitch split double exposure patterning schemeShyng-Tsong ChenHideyuki Tomizawaet al.2011IITC/MAM 2011
CVD Co and its application to Cu damascene interconnectionsTakeshi NogamiJ. Maniscalcoet al.2010IITC 2010