Rafae Bhatti, Elisa Bertino, et al.
Communications of the ACM
Optical subassemblies (OSAs) are the highest-cost component of datacom transceivers, and therefore the component that is most constrained by production cost concerns. While transceiver costs have declined, operating rates have increased from 266 Mb/s to 10.3 Gb/s. Corresponding OSA designs, based on multimode fiber, have evolved incrementally through several generations, to 2.4 Gb/s. Costs have been lowered in successive generations by reducing the number of parts, material costs, and complexity of assembly, and by using lower-cost optoelectronic devices - vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). This paper traces the mechanical aspects of OSAs that have been developed and introduced into products or developed as demonstration projects.
Rafae Bhatti, Elisa Bertino, et al.
Communications of the ACM
Pradip Bose
VTS 1998
Liat Ein-Dor, Y. Goldschmidt, et al.
IBM J. Res. Dev
Israel Cidon, Leonidas Georgiadis, et al.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking