D. Westley Miller, Charles W. Warren, et al.
Applied Physics Letters
High efficiency Cu2 ZnSnS4 solar cells have been fabricated on glass substrates by thermal evaporation of Cu, Zn, Sn, and S. Solar cells with up to 6.8% efficiency were obtained with absorber layer thicknesses less than 1 μm and annealing times in the minutes. Detailed electrical analysis of the devices indicate that the performance of the devices is limited by high series resistance, a "double diode" behavior of the current voltage characteristics, and an open circuit voltage that is limited by a carrier recombination process with an activation energy below the band gap of the material. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.
D. Westley Miller, Charles W. Warren, et al.
Applied Physics Letters
Conrad Albrecht, Bruce G. Elmegreen, et al.
IBM J. Res. Dev
Oki Gunawan, Yudistira Virgus, et al.
Applied Physics Letters
Talia S. Gershon, Kasra Sardashti, et al.
Acta Materialia