M. Hargrove, S.W. Crowder, et al.
IEDM 1998
Using vacuum process, we fabricated Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells with 8.4% efficiency, a number independently certified by an external, accredited laboratory. This is the highest efficiency reported for pure sulfide Cu2ZnSnS4 prepared by any method. Consistent with literature, the optimal composition is Cu-poor and Zn-rich despite the precipitation of secondary phases (e.g., ZnS). Despite a very thin absorber thickness (~600 nm), a reasonably good short-circuit current was obtained. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements suggest a minority carrier-diffusion length on the order of several hundreds of nanometers and relatively good collection of photo-carriers across the entire absorber thickness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
M. Hargrove, S.W. Crowder, et al.
IEDM 1998
Sharee J. McNab, Richard J. Blaikie
Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings
R.J. Gambino, N.R. Stemple, et al.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids
S.C. Lai, S. Kim, et al.
VLSI Technology 2013